Single dose medication vial packaging deficiencies

Economic and microbiologic evaluation of single-dose vial extension for hazardous drugs.

PURPOSE The update of US Pharmacopeia Chapter <797> in 2008 included guidelines stating that single-dose vials (SDVs) opened and maintained in an International Organization for Standardization Class 5 environment can be used for up to 6 hours after initial puncture. A study was conducted to evaluate the cost of discarding vials after 6 hours and to further test sterility of vials beyond this ti...

Infection prevention: single- and multidose vial management.

Vaccine vial stopper performance for fractional dose delivery of vaccines

Shortages of vaccines such as inactivated poliovirus and yellow fever vaccines have been addressed by administering reduced-or fractional-doses, as recommended by the World Health Organization Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization, to expand population coverage in countries at risk. We evaluated 3 kinds of vaccine vial stoppers to assess their performance after increased piercing ...

High-dose antipsychotic medication.

The dopamine hypothesis for the mode of action of antipsychotic drugs has been with us for some 30 years and has, by and large, withstood the test of time. It simply states that antipsychotic drugs owe their therapeutic effects to an ability to block central dopamine receptors. This has given us a working and testable explanation for the effects of these drugs and it has prompted the synthesis ...

Dopamine transport into a single cell in a picoliter vial.

The analysis of chemical events in small volumes requires careful manipulation of samples and sensitive detection methods. Here, we describe the measurement of the neurotransmitter dopamine in a picoliter vial with electrochemical techniques. The vials were fabricated from fused-silica capillaries that provided a transparent container suitable for the observation and manipulation of a biologica...